The Business in Africa Narrative Report is the latest research project by narrative-change organisation Africa No Filter. 

It forms part of the organisation's work to understand and shift harmful and stereotypical narratives about Africa.

Africa No Filter says that the report comes at a crucial time for the continent as it recovers from the economic impact of Covid-19. Experts predict that Africa needs an estimated USD$175-billion per year for 20 years to end extreme poverty, and business will play a critical role.

Academic researchers have shown a correlation between media representations and investment levels, according to the study. One study of the stock market in the United States showed that media visibility led to more investment than under-investment and influenced investor trading behavior. In other words, how the media covers business matters.

The report was compiled using multiple research approaches to analyse the frames. This included:
  1. big data analysis
  2. sentiment analysis
  3. trends analysis
  4. content analysis
  5. linking analysis
  6. literature reviews
  7. primary surveys
  8. secondary surveys analysis
  9. indices investigation, and
  10. social media analysis.
The adoption of these approaches saw the analysis of 750 million stories published between 2017 and 2021, on more than 6 000 African news sites and 183 000 sites outside the continent.

The report shows that the keywords, stories, frames and narratives associated with business on the continent are dangerously distorted. There is an overemphasis on the role of governments, foreign powers and larger African states — alongside an underappreciation of the role of young people, women, entrepreneurs, creative businesses, smaller successful African states and Africa's future potential.

Moky Makura, executive director at Africa No Filter, says, "We wanted to understand why Africa is seen as a high-risk business destination and why the cost of money is at a premium. The report gives us an insight into why. It shows that business opportunities on the continent are both underrepresented and misrepresented. And now that we know this, we can work on educating the media and changing the narrative around business in Africa."

Richard Addy, report author and co-founder of award-winning international audience strategy consultancy AKAS, says, "This ground-breaking report offers a detailed data analysis on the narrative around business in Africa. This rigorous research is important because narratives, frames and stories are the lenses through which we perceive and experience Africa. They inform beliefs, behavior and ultimately dictate policy."

In addition to the dominance of foreign powers in business stories featured in international media, the report highlighted a number of other keyframes dominating dangerous distortions played out in stories, and the underrepresentation of businesses across the continent. These included:

More negative coverage
International media is more likely to have a negative tone. African media is twice as likely to reference corruption in its coverage of business in Africa compared to international media, with corruption featuring in 10% of African media stories.

Africa is Nigeria and South Africa
Nearly 50% of articles in global media outlets reference South Africa or Nigeria, crowding out business stars like Mauritius, Namibia, and the Seychelles. Mauritius is the highest-ranking African country in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index.

Silencing creativity, amplifying technology
Nollywood is the world's second-largest film industry and music genres like AfroBeats and AmaPiano are influencing pop culture globally. Yet creative businesses were only featured in 1% of all business news articles across African and global media. Additionally, while 22% of Africa's working-age population started new ventures between 2011 and 2016, the highest rate of any region globally, African start-ups received declined coverage.

Youth and women are underrepresented
African countries claim the top three spots in the Mastercard Index for the highest concentration of women business owners globally, but business news and analysis on gender equality issues have declined. Africa also has the youngest population globally. However, youth and women are underrepresented in business stories. In fact, online news coverage of young people has declined between 2017 and 2021. In addition, stories about African youth globally are often framed through negative stereotypes, invoking images of inactivity, violence, and crime.

Government, policy, and regulations dominate
Fifty-four percent of business news in 2021 was framed through government action and policies. Additionally, African media focused more on themes related to the government than on those related to entrepreneurship. Yet, African countries make up six of the top 10 countries whose populations were most likely to search for the topic of entrepreneurship in 2021.

Missing Free Trade Area and investment
The African Continental Free Trade Area is the largest free trade area in the world by the number of countries taking part, yet it makes up under 1% of business news and analysis. This is while mentions of Foreign Direct Investment fell from 3.2% in 2017 to an even lower 1.9% of coverage in 2021.

For more information, visit www.africanofilter.org. You can also follow Africa No Filter on Facebook, Twitter or on Instagram.